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Athletics, also called track-and-field sports or track and field , a variety of competitions in running, walking, jumping, and throwing events. Although these contests are called track and field. Track-and-field athletics are the oldest forms of organized sport, having developed out of the most basic human activities – running, walking, jumping, and throwing. Athletics have become the most truly international of sports, with nearly every country in the world engaging in some form of competition.
A badminton-like game was known in ancient Greece and Egypt – a game called battledore and shuttlecock – in which two players hit a feathered shuttlecock back and forth with tiny rackets.
The game was played in India during the 18th Century, at which time it was called ‘Poona’. In the 1860s it was adopted by British Army officers stationed in India. The officers took the game back to England, where it became a success at a party given by the Duke of Beaufort in 1873 at his estate called ‘Badminton’ in Gloucestershire.
The precursors of chess originated in India during the Gupta Empire, where its early form in the 6th century was known as chatura?ga, which translates as ‘four divisions (of the military)’: infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry, represented by the pieces that would evolve into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook, respectively.
Chess was introduced to Persia from India and became a part of the princely or courtly education of Persian nobility. In Sassanid Persia around 600 the name became chatrang, which subsequently evolved to shatranj, and the rules were developed further. Players started calling ‘Shah!’ (Persian for ‘King!’) when attacking the opponent’s king, and ‘ShahMat!’ (Persian for ‘the king is helpless’) when the king was attacked and could not escape from attack. These exclamations persisted in chess as it traveled to other lands.
The origins of cricket lie somewhere in the Dark Ages – probably after the Roman Empire, almost certainly before the Normans invaded England, and almost certainly somewhere in Northern Europe. All research concedes that the game derived from a very old, widespread and uncomplicated pastime by which one player served up an object, be it a small piece of wood or a ball, and another hit it with a suitably fashioned club.
The contemporary history of the world’s favourite game spans more than 100 years. It all began in 1863 in England, when rugby football and association football branched off on their different courses and the Football Association in England was formed – becoming the sport’s first governing body.
Games similar to modern team handball have historically been played in many different cultures around the world. We do for instance know that the ancient Greeks and Romans played a type of handball, and handball was also played by the Inuit in Greenland and the French in Europe as early as the Middle Ages. By the 19th century, handball was played in countries such as Ukraine (gandbol), Denmark (handbold), Germany (torball), Slovakia (hadzana) and Czech Republic (hazena).
Like so many great things, the development of the game that we now call tennis – actually officially known as lawn tennis – began in a pub. The hostelry was in Birmingham, and it sat opposite St. Chad’s Cathedral. Originally called the Welch Harp, its name was later changed to the Racquet Court Inn.
Roller skating became increasingly popular again after the 50’s and roller rinks popped up all across North America, with lots of drive in movies and fast food restaurants even featuring waitresses on wheels who would come by your car to take your order! By the ’70s and ’80s roller skating was a full-on craze again, becoming a popular destination for parties and dates, roller rinks became roller discos and would play music you could skate to and flash loads of different colored lights to make it as fun as possible.
Although many people assume that softball was derived from baseball, the sport’s first game actually came about because of a football game. The history of softball dates back to Thanksgiving Day of 1887, when several alumni sat in the Chicago, Illinois Farragut Boat Club, anxiously awaiting the outcome of the Yale versus Harvard football game. When Yale was announced as winner, a Yale alumnus playfully threw a boxing glove at a Harvard supporter. The Harvard fan swung at the balled-up glove with a stick, and the rest of the group looked on with interest. George Hancock, a reporter for the Chicago Board of Trade, jokingly called out, “Play ball!” and the first softball game commenced with the football fans using the boxing glove as a ball and a broom handle in place of a bat.
The name Taekwondo is derived from the Korean word “Tae” meaning foot, “Kwon” meaning fist and “Do” meaning way of. So, literally Taekwondo means ‘the way of the foot and fist’. The name Taekwondo, however, has only been used since 1955 while the arts’ roots began 2,300 years ago in Korea. Known as a martial art and way of life, the evolution of Taekwondo was a direct result of the happenings in Korea long ago, and knowledge of the history is an important step in understanding Taekwondo.
Yoga’s history has many places of obscurity and uncertainty due to its oral transmission of sacred texts and the secretive nature of its teachings. The early writings on yoga were transcribed on fragile palm leaves that were easily damaged, destroyed or lost. The development of yoga can be traced back to over 5,000 years ago, but some researchers think that yoga may be up to 10,000 years old old. Yoga’s long rich history can be divided into four main periods of innovation, practice and development.
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